Clay Mineralogy, Shale Types, and Petrophysical Corrections in Shaley Reservoir Formations

Shale starts with autogenic rocks that erode off from contact with moving water and the weather. Shale is a common rock that makes up much of Earth’s crust. This book is conducted to measure the properties of shaly rocks such as Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), shale types, shale volume and all possible parameters of clay minerals within the shale rock samples. CEC is one of the important properties of clay minerals. CEC results are frequently used for characterization and quantification of sorbents in clays and sedimentary rocks, Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR), log interpretation corrections, acidizing and designing drilling fluids.
Our laboratory measurements were performed using methylene blue method for a sample obtained from drilling cuttings. CEC at various pH values was determined. Clay minerals and shale types were concluded from CEC values and cross plots. In addition to measuring CEC, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scan Electronic Microscope (SEM), and log analysis were used to study clay minerals and shale types, qualitatively and quantitatively. There was good agreement between results of CEC measurement, XRD, SEM and log analysis techniques. Finally, in the last chapter we conducted most of the terminologies in classification and history of unconventional producing of oil and gas from shales.